Abstract

Title problem has been considered for four types of evaporators, as used in steam boilers, refrigeration, sugar industry, and chemical plants. At first the flow in the downcomer tube has been analyzed, and it has been found that this tube, if heated, may be the source of vibrations. Conditions to avoid this phenomenon have been formulated. Furthermore a method of thermal design of evaporators has been outlined, and especially the calculation of circulation velocity, which has been illustrated by numerical examples.