INTRODUCTION

Up to now, domestic and European experiences have proved the legitimacy of a continuos study over developmental strategies on any scale: from European up to the local one. They also confirm a methodical assumption, which was empirically and repeatedly formulated, that they might enable efficient realization of the strategy. The step-by-step implementation of this strategy through subsequent enterprises leads to a process of development shaping, according to strategic goals and the mission.

In the presence of a variability of developmental conditions, and uncertainty of the most probable future, there is no better method of development shaping than continuos monitoring of the changes.

Other methods include diagnosis, forecasting and planning of the transformation as the basis for strategic steering in desired directions.

This is the only way to make the strategies an efficient tool of management, fulfil their role in development shaping according to long-term targets and society aspirations, link them interdependently with short- and long-term goals, creating logic and least problematic process of developmental balancing.

Outgoing from this superior assumption, which was confirmed by many-year experience gained in the European Union, Poland implies a strategic development system through providing continuity in planning of strategic development of the country. As the result, there are present strategic studies over processes of economical development and spatial development of the country.

The studies, according to the legislation (act about spatial development from the 7^th of July 1994), can become a basis for a conception of the studies over voivodship spatial development and also studies over conditions and directions in spatial development ofcommunes. Local plans of spatial development will become a practical and useful tool in management.

In the system of planistic enterprises that have been foreseen by the legislation, the most important roles are played by strategies of social and economical development of voivodships. They have been elaborated interdependently with the studies over voivodships spatial development.

If the strategies that designate conditions, strategic goals and directions of development are not elaborated, it is impossible to formulate the conception of voivodship spatial development.

Assuming the legitimacy of keeping the continuity in strategic, diagnostical and conceptional studies as a basic tool of strategic management of development, there was conducted a research that was tending towards the following: (1) Assessment in terms of conformability between conditions and strategic goals of country development strategies, (2) Designation of main directions in further research.

General conclusions that would sum up the research are comprised in a presented article, and make a methodological and organizational basis for the studies continuation over the strategy of Pomeranian Voivodship development, according to assumption about their continuity.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

I. STRATEGIC PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES CREATION

THE ESSENCE OF THE PROBLEM

Processes taking place in Poland during political system transformation, have created conditions of new quality as well as concepts and problems connected with developmental management. Their specific context is strategic spatial development, formed in the countries with highly developed market economy and civil society.

The main reasons why science and practice became interested in this sphere of management, are empirically documented assumptions saying that:

1. Geographical space, its natural structure, ecological values and its development constitute an active factor of development.
2. Spatial differentiation of development conditions confirms the rightness of a regional policy as a tool of rationalization of society, economy and the nation functioning.
3. Interdependence of social & economical and spatial development, their synergistic influence on ecological space transformation as well as influences of these transformations on further development, designate the essence of the stimulating process. The motive power of this process is a necessity to meet society’s needs, and its area and the basis – already shaped geographical space, which forms changeable in time, spatial and ecological conditions of development. These conditions usually change during the development process and quite often turn into difficult to solve problematic situations, conflicts or even barriers to a further development. On the other hand, they do not show a tendency for creation of advantageous conditions at each, next stage of development
4. This objectively conditioned interaction indicates that there is a necessity of a continuo rationalization of spatial development, interdependently with the regulation of social and economical evolution as well as environmental protection.
5. Relatively slow changeability and permanence of spatial development structures indicates the methodological rightness in historical context of laws, regularities and permanent trends, long-term strategic goals, systemic instrumentation of their realization.
6. The necessity to gain pragmatic usefulness of a spatial policy of a nation as a major tool used in preparation of the future and shaping of the presence commands to “stratification” of strategic goals according to present needs of society, economy and the nation
7. In the relation to the wide scope of uncertainty and limited predictability of development of complex reality of XXI century, all processes of spatial development in Poland ought to be a resultant of analysis and assessment of:

• unavoidable processes (integration of Poland with the European Union, transformation of the polish economy towards market economy and rise in significance of market mechanisms as regulators of development),
• probable processes (fast integration of Poland with Europe, breaking through the recession trends and reaching permanently progressive trends),
• strategic goals that would create social processes politically and economically desired as well as searching for means of making them real.

1. The precondition to make this whole system of reality foreseeing and planning efficient, according to aspirations and needs of the society, must be spatial management based on long-term and strategic planning of development.

New realities and necessity in this scope designate four main megatrends, which organize the society, economy and nation development. These are:

1. Globalization of development – it determines an open access to the world, competition, innovation and effectiveness. All of these are followed by polarization of structural space transformation.
2. Eco-development – it designates new values, long-term strategic goals and a new methodology of development, and subsequently it defines criteria of development equilibrium in the process of space transformation.
3. Democracy – it defines structural conditions of open public society functioning in a space with an open access to the world. It also determines diversity, decentralization and subsidiary as irreplaceable attributes of the nation organization.
4. Integration of Polish space with the European one, creating advantageous conditions for world megatrends assimilation in social and economical development of the country in the XXI century, making Poland incorporated in one of many, world’s pole of accelerated development.

The basis of its functioning as a separate sphere of practical action of human, is an empirically confirmed interdependence, which say that:

Each social and economical action of a human is made in a defined geographical area, which main elements are:

• Natural space (ecological),
• Space of development (anthropogenic from a physical and social and economical point of view).

The mechanism of interaction, which has been launched in this way, initiate self-regulating (self-controlling) process, that the society should take into account in their actions (Fig. 1). These processes confirm increasing significance of spatial conditions in development shaping as they take place in differentiated geographical area. The heterogenic character of the latter one has an impact on differentiation of spatial conditions of development, and also the structure and level of fulfilling social needs.

The scope in which this development mechanism is functioning is spatial development. This term describes the whole sphere of practical action of society, in which differentiation of geographical area and distance overcoming plays a decisive and motivating role.

Extending the above definition it can be stated that spatial development is one of the spheres or one of the aspects of national economy. It constitutes its sub-system defined by changing with time legislation and also tradition and consciousness of society. Its integral part is regional economy and regional development policy.

This sub-system is functioning in a material sphere as well as in a regulation sphere (Fig 1).

In the material sphere, the system is expressed by transformation processes and material states of spatial development, and also connected with the latter ones spatial organization of society, economy and the country.

In the regulation sphere, the system is made by the whole human action that tends towards realization of developmental goals (social, economical, ecological, and cultural) and is based on a use of features and advantages of geographical area.

From the logic of spatial development functioning results that experience of real mechanisms of space transformation is a condition of their voluntary regulation that influences further course of the process. This statement means that:

• The subject of spatial management is society, the object - space, the goal – fulfilling certain social needs, and the effect – spatial management;
• The system of organizational management makes only a particular functional configuration of development regulation, which penetrates the whole system of management and is interdependent with it;
• As the effect of spatial management there are present particular processes, material states of management and spatial structures as well as spatial organization of the society, economy and the country;
• The process of continuos transformation of spatial structures, which take place together with realization of goals of social and economical development, are followed by changes in environment as its sources undergo exhaustion and degradation.
• The decisive sub-system of spatial management is interdependent with the management system; these interdependencies are methodological, lawful and organizational in its character, and its significance is increasing together with the increase of spatial conditioning significance in social and economical development;
• In the process of creation of the spatial and social & economical planning methods, there should be taken into account the interdependencies that really take place in development. Having them as a reference, there can be defined the scope of autonomic solutions and interdependent both types of planning. The efficiency of their influence on a real development creation will increasingly depend on inter-discipline, holistic, long-term enclosing of reality;
• Conceptions and methods of spatial policy and social & economical policy formulation, should create mutual connection of the whole. As complexity of the development is increasing, the basis of an active and objectively directed spatial policy may become the spatial planning. However, the spatial policy’s goals ought to be interdependent with the goals of social & economical development policy and they should mark resulting criteria for formation of spatial structures, that can be stimulating or repressive for social & economical development;
• Instrumentation of the policy of spatial management formation ought to be referring to the system of social & economical development regulation, including economical mechanisms of market economy functioning.

In the situation of a new political system in a unitary, decentralized country, the decisive center creates and realizes this sphere of the policy that cannot be practiced at the regional and local level.

Interpreting this formula it should be underlined that:

• Functions of a country, in a situation of a system transformation and continuo growth in significance of global processes and challenges of civilization,cannot be limited to a role of a “watchman”. Moreover, regulation of structural transformations cannot be put into “invisible hands of a market”, therefore there should be stated “as much of a country” as a development of a real situation requires, instead of “as little”;
• Mechanisms of market economy will take increasingly but not exclusively part in a creation and regulation of social & economical development and spatial structure transformation. These mechanisms will also create a new system of economical functioning that will deal with these spheres of development, on which influence of a market cannot be sufficiently efficient in terms of achievement of desired social goals. It results from experience of high-developed capitalistic country that these spheres of development are spatial economy and environment protection;
• Society freed fromstrict rigorous of a centralized, technocratic country will seek for the most advantageous conditions for development of the country, which would enable realization of “chances for all”. There will be a rise in its social and spatial mobility in an open, European space;
• Only a model of decentralized organization of a country may fulfil criteria that result from the conditions mentioned above. However, this model should be based on such a territorial and sector structure that there would be enabled functioning of balanced matters mechanism with a support of efficient negotiation procedures. Evolution of territorial system of the country ought to increasingly ensure operation of the mechanism. This mechanism, in a continuo process of a social & economical game, will enable identification, solution or at least minimization of conflict situations through decisive procedures based on consensus solutions.
• Decisive center of the country will create and realize only this sphere of policy, which scope will be defined by:

• Civilization challenges connected with globalization of developmental processes,
• Processes integrating Poland with Europe and connected with them internationalization of Polish space,
• Efficiency of functioning of national systems of political, ecological, social, economical and technical infrastructure.

Synergistic interdependence of social & economical development and transformations of spatial development, evidence the rightness of interaction in creation of these two spheres of developmental process. Moreover, their continuous impact on environment commands an introduction of ecological conditions into a process of creation of space transformation.

One of the most significant instruments used to solve new in quality problematic situations that are at a high level in terms of complexity, may become once again the system of strategic planning.

According to a real interdependence of a development, the system should be composed of:

• Planning of social & economical
• Spatial planning.

• Strategic goals, significant structural macro-proportions and dynamics of social & economical development will define goals and criteria of spatial management transformations,
• Conceptions of spatial management policy, including objectively functioning mechanisms of spatial structures development, will define spatial conditions of the development,
• Diagnosis and forecasts of ecological conditions and results of social & economical and spatial development and spatial management will enable introduction of goals and ecological conditions into development and spatial management strategies.

By these means, in the process of functioning of strategic planning system the creation of problematic structure would take place. The latter one would define holistic and interdisciplinary character of the system: condition that should be fulfilled in solution of problems of increasingly complex reality.

In the process of functioning of the system, there would take place a creation of conception (intellectual) structure of a higher order, in which mutual feedback between different aspects of development (social, ecological, economical, and spatial) would enable research, forecasting and modeling of the future through definition of development strategies.

The method of iteration, which has been hitherto applied in Polish and European planning, enables performance of methodologically arranged and mutually connected correction of solutions. This depends on results obtained in the process of creation of spheres of social & economical development as well as spatial management and forecasted changes in an ecological situation. Its essence may be presented by the following rules:

• the rule of interdependent analysis and assessment of conditions of social & economical development, and spatial management,
• the rule of interdependent structure of forecasts and development programs as well as spatial management projects, realized with a use of recurring several times feedback between them,
• the rule of enclosure in an comprehensive, systemic and functional manner, instead of sectional and branched one,
• the rule of substantiation step-by-step ( increase in minuteness of details in a strategy), in proportion to reduction of time horizon.

In the past, this rule was often identified with so called “ entirety” of social & economical development and spatial management. This development has been presented in terms of a division and branch and its programs were a direct sum of sector programs. In such situation the strategies would lose their creative role in formation of subject action in terms of social rationality. They were overcharged with apparent detailed solutions and excess in irrelevant information. Such a method of creation of more and more complex reality is of no use. The new conception of complexity could be synthetically presented in a form of the following assumptions:

• The essence of complex expressions would be based upon researching, forecasting and planning a set of phenomena and processes that would be complementary to one another and create a certain, compact entirety.
• The entirety should represent the real, social & economical and ecological structure as well as mechanisms of its transformations. However, it should not comprise of a division and branch national economy.
• The choice of the most significant problems in transformation should result from getting familiar with the mechanism of reality functioning.

It results from the essence of the expression that each strategy would have its own “scope of complexity”, which should be individually identified. Its definition should be based upon a choice of a problematic structure of the strategy (the problems, their solution, connections between them and etc.) and also upon a choice of the level of interdisciplinary complexity (the range of relatively autonomic problems, interdependent ones).

These choices can be made during a process of elaboration of the following generation of strategies. Then it would be a derivative of a certain social & economical situation in the country, internal conditions and possibilities of workshop planning and external conditions – global and European ones.
 
 

THE CONCEPTION OF CONTINUITY AND FLEXIBILITY IN FORMATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT

Wide scope of uncertainty in forecasting of social and economical conditions and formation of spatial management, indicates that there should be conducted a continuous, flexible spatial and ecological policy that would be interdependent with social and economical policy. The rule of continuity of this process would mean the functioning of the system of regulation (Fig 2) through parallel:

• Monitoring of changes in the whole sphere of management and connected with it transformations in environment and continuous updating of information that concern resources that are a basis for the development.
• Diagnosis of shaped structural transformations and interdependent ecological and spatial & economical conditions.
• Continuos forecasting of conditions and situations varying in time, defining the scope of the most probably development, choice of strategies as well as forecasting and programming of development that would be based upon continuously updated image of shaped reality.
• Continuity in the process of monitoring, diagnosing, programming and designing of structural transformations, making decisions that would form development through subjects of the whole functioning of the country.
• Continuous research in geographical area and in occurring in it processes of development and spatial management.

It would be a parallel (and sometimes simultaneous) process of the strategy formation as well as programming of its strategically significant enterprises and undertaking strategic and operational decisions. Only in the process of informative & decisive game, there would appear a solution of conflict situations connected with discrepancy of subjects’ affairs. Their main source is inefficient supply of the space having defined features, qualities and resources in proportion to demand for this space. This demand would be a resultant of the necessity of fulfilling of certain social needs in certain spatial situations or competition of the value. (Fig.2).

The formula of open, continuous forecasting and designing of the future could become a useful, pragmatic toll for development regulation in a situation, in which:

• Changeability of external conditions forms a wide scope of uncertainty in creation of long-term spatial policy.
• Spontaneous development, mechanism of market regulation and active instruments of the nation bring about the system of increasingly in complexity processes.
• Occurrence of contradictions and even conflicts of affairs and aspirations of different social groups and economical subjects, make it necessary to accept the negotiation formula of being in authority, of which the essence is to reach a social agreement and minimization of conflict situations.
• Overabundance in aims in relation to limited means makes it difficult to take current decisions in developmental matters.
• Continuous calculation of chances and threats ought to be the basis for development formation according to currently the most urgent needs as well as to long-term aims.

Institutional and organizational conditions of such strategies would depend on the fact whether the future model of regime is going to tend towards representative democracy (parliamentary, local authorities) and social market economy and also the legal and institutional basis of the process of integration with Europe.
 
 

The forecast of spatially differentiated problematic situation in the process of transformation indicates that there are two principles that could become a basis of a regional policy. The first one would be the principle of polarization in the “ poles of growth” of social & economical activity and would generate development of neighboring regions. The second one would be the principle of selective activation of areas of “depression and backwardness” with the use of external means. (Fig 3)

Formation of a regional policy ought to take place interdependent and parallel way, on national and regional scale as an integral link in the national policy.

Its major tool, in conditions of increasing complexity of development and interdependency of transformations of spatial management and social & economical development as well as changes taking place in environment, should be long-term strategies that would define conceptions of integrated regional policy. Such conceptions should take into account connections that are present between social & economical policy as well as spatial and ecological one.

Wide scope of uncertainty during forecasting of conditions of social & economical development and transformations of spatial management indicates rightness of its creation in the process of continuous, open and flexible system of forecasting and design of the future. (Fig 2).
 
 
 
 

Map’s legend

1. Potential poles of polarization – “knots” of effectiveness, competition, innovation and enterprises; 1 – capital cities; 2 – European centers of polarization (europols); 3,4,5,6 – centers of developmental balance; 3 – national, 4 – major regional, 5- significant trans-boundary, 6 – significant sub-regional; 7 – dipole connection of the centers.
2. Potential areas of accelerated development formed together with modernization, extension and construction of a technical infrastructure system; 8,9 – of a European significance, 10- of a national and interregional significance.
3. Potential zones of a multifunctional and ecologically conditioned development; 11 – zone of an accelerated development stimulated by processes integrating Poland with Europe (European Union) and the World; 12 – zone of recession break; 13 – activation zone; 14, 15, 16, 17 – zone of accelerated structural transformations; 14 – metropolis balancing, 15 – crisis break of economical base, 16 – active restructure, 17 – development of Polish, marine resources; 18 – zone of increasing concentration (polarization) of civilization & economical potential that is competitive on a scale of European & World economy of the XXI century.

Considering hypothetical process of transformation of Polish political system it appears that it is sound to practice regional policy as (Fig 4):

• Interregional policy of a country; its subjective would be national and international regional system and its objective would be the Cabinet, which would realize criteria of the social-wide rationality of the country. Co-operation with voivode and front and central organs of a national administration would accomplish it.

• Interregional policy of municipal government; its objective would be self-government & government regions (voivodships), and its subjective would be local authorities representing local and regional affairs, aims and aspirations.

In this system, self-government subjective of regional and local policy would have a potential opportunity to solve contradictions, conflicts of affairs and aspiration that would be brought to light in the process of development. It would indicate acceptance of a negotiation formula of being in authority, so essential for functioning of a democratic country. Its essence would be reaching social consensus, which would minimize conflict situations.

The substance of a regional policy, being realized in the first period of a system transformation, is an intervention policy of the nation.

As the crisis situations get under control strategic, long-term universal targets of national policy should form the bearing construction of regional policy. Their regional stratification would depend on spatially differentiated conditions of development. As it results from the diagnosis, their significance will increase with the rise in complexity of spatial structures. Therefore, interregional policy should be a function of differentiated in space targets of social & economical, spatial and ecological policy of a country. Being strategic and long-term in its character, the policy should ensure compactness and continuity of country development in geographically differentiated area.

Relations that occur between social & economical targets and ecological ones bring a new situation in this scope to life.

It results from a real integrity of development that they cannot be solved being separated from the entirety of a social policy as well as economical and spatial one.

The most substantial method of generation of means in a market economy is to induce the demand for resources and to form conditions for effective management.

In this scope, regional policy has to accomplish two essential tasks that would be connected with a high differentiation of conditions for economical development of a country:

• The first task is a diagnosis of conditions of a regional development according to European standards of capital functioning (in such a way that potential economical subjective would know real, external conditions of management).
• The second task would be a formulation of the strategy for a regional development that would enable to economical subjective to get to now the most likely chances and limitations, which would be created by realization of a regional policy.

The character of a regional planning would be induced by strategies of an interregional development and their interregional relations, which form a substance of interregional policy of a country. Only such an integral attitude may enable harmonization of all targets, linking targets and means, investigation and creation of reality in all basic aspects (social, ecological, economical, spatial and even technical and technological) as well as time horizons adjusted to real needs of rationalization of various fields of development.

It denotes that in a regional planning all tasks would be focused on:

• Diagnosis of conditions of development (social, political, ecological, economical, spatial technical and technological) on the basis of a monitoring of structural changes that take place in a continuous process of transformation.
• Continuous research and forecast for external conditions of development, varying in time and independent on the subjects of regional policy and situation of external development of the region. On this basis, there can be defined a scope of the choice of the most probable development and strategies that are responsible for its characteristics (tendencies and features).

• Designation of conception of strategic and operational targetsof a regional social & economical, spatial and ecological policy (identification of the aim system and analysis of possibilities to reach it)

• Designation of methods accepted by subjects, which would realize targets of social & economical, spatial and ecological policy; an influence that central and regional subjects would have on their realization, with the whole respect to legislation of functioning of regions in social & economical, and territorial system of the country ( choice of means, methods and forms of actions of territorial government and the government);
• Affairs co-ordination of certain social, labor and territorial groups already in the process of elaboration of strategies; in this process the nation, acting within its competence, would seldom exist as one of economical subjects. It would rather exist as a representative of a social rationalism.

• Balancing social & economical development and correlated spatial and ecological transformations, which would be bonding together local and regional needs as well as targets and affairs.
• Strategic control of the whole sphere of action that would have a significance in terms of a region, according to a competence of regional subjects.

Various contradictions and conflicts between targets of the nation policy, affairs of territorial governments representing local (regional) matters and partial affairs of managing subjects as well as necessity for their interaction should define one of the most significant function of the regional policy and regional planning. This function is a negotiating one. On one hand, its essence is minimization or removal of contradictions and conflict situations occurring in the process of development and elaboration of consensus solutions whereas on the other hand the function substantial role would be creation of conditions suitable for co-operation of all economical subjects and the public authority. Derivative of the negotiating function would be and an information function, which would enable a common access to knowledge, related to internal and external conditions of a region development, potentially possible scopes of solution choice and criteria and targets of a local, regional and whole national significance.
 
 

Efficiency of a regional policy will in great part depend on organization of a territorial system tending towards a decentralized democratic country.

The legitimacy of this correlation is indicated by a real differentiation of a Polish space, in which a creation of real processes of social & economical development occurs irrespective of their spatial distribution (Fig. 3)

It is impossible to have a real decentralization of a country functioning without making a regional level subjective. Without it, a regional policy would sink in an excess of locality or in centralization.

Therefore, the key to an increase in its efficiency would be a reorganization of a territorial system of the country performed in such a way that a policy of a regional development could become an self-dependent in a subjective sense (however, interdependent of the country policy) tool in creation of a Polish space in an open European system
(Fig. 4 and 5).
 
 

The reforms at the regional level that were performed through enforcing and subjecting of a local government, were necessary in a political transformation taking place in Poland. It was the only way to decentralize the country system and the regime.

Referring the above principals to a reformed regime of a country, the emphasis should be laid on:

• Efficiency of a functioning as a main, irreplaceable and the most synthetic attribute of a country
• Self-government character as the most significant feature, which describes a political structure of a country in a democratic system (decentralization, subsidiary).
• Assurance of the internal and external safety (a balance of effects in a game of different groups and territories affairs in relation with the superior affair of the country)

Fig. Fig5. NEW TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION OF THE COUNTRY

II. THE RESEARCH OVER THE NEW STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT FOR POMERANIAN VOIVODSHIP.

After a few-year period (1989-1992) of negating social needs and even theoretical legitimacy for this kind of research, resumption to these studies is a first and very significant step on the way towards normality. This renewal was performed According to a new law established in Polished legislation between 1993 and 1995, and to a practice of European Union countries. Legitimacy of this planning enterprise in new developmental conditions of Gdañsk voivodship cannot be discussed in the presence of:

• Revealed and empirically confirmed circumstances indicating wasted historical chances for the imparting of dynamism to Gdañsk voivodship development and advantages for society, which would follow this development.
• Foreseen, in national studies over threat, permanent loses of new developmental opportunities resulting from changes in a location of the region in a European space.

• Relation betweenthe strategy for a voivodship development and a new division of the territory and also objectively conditioned megatrends present in a civilization of the XXI century organizing development of Poland and new challenges.

• Introduction of voivodship strategies into procedures of strategic planning of European Union and Poland. This process should take place in such a way that there would be enabled its active influence on creation of strategic solutions for Europe and the country.

• Acceptance of complexity assumption in development and consolidation of strategic vision of voivodship development and accurate choices of problems with a great strategic significance, especially in creation of more complex reality.

• Introduction of organizational & essential logistic, which would realize continuity of strategic planning as a method for seizure of unpredictable future of the XXI century and realization of elastic and open planning formula.

• Compliance with the principle of integrated order, making a relation between strategic targets of social, economical, ecological and spatial kind, as a methodological formula that enables development balance in a complex reality of the XXI century

• Acceptance of a model of informative & decisive procedure, which would tend towards realization of balanced development strategies in conditions of social market economy and democracy.

Systemic undertaking of targets enables creation of social, ecological and economical order together with spatial order. Therefore, it expresses aspirations for creation of a general, integrated order of developmental processes according to the following criteria:

• Criteria for effective management of ecological, social and economical resources.
• Criteria for improvement of a life quality of present and future generations through creation of human environment that would have high ecological, useful and esthetical values.
• A criterion for protection of the highest values in an environmental and cultural space.
• Criteria for balanced and stabilized development, which creates orders of balance in relation to accepted developmental targets and mechanisms of environmental functioning.
• A criterion for the highest efficiency and safety in functioning of created structures.

In the presence of a slow changeability and long duration of the country structural transformations and necessary flexibility and long-term development strategies, the system of developmental targets should become a stabilizing and putting in order basis for the country policy in the presence of an open and unpredictable future.

They are related to main challenges and problems of transformation of Polish and European as well as social & economical space of the XXI century, taking into account high amplitude of situational changes.

The major motive in a choice of strategic targets that create the country and region developmental strategy is a historical necessity and their chance for imparting of dynamism and achievement of European life standards of the society through the rise in competitiveness of the national economy in an open world system.

Systemic stratification of the strategic targets, according to spatially and problematically differentiated reality, and also criteria for creation of spatial development of the country, region and municipal communities, should become a useful tool of functioning of the balanced development policy in the whole system of creation and realization of the country policy (table no. 1).
 
 

1. DEVELOPMENTAL MISSION OF THE VOIVODSHIP- SUPERIOR STRATEGIC GOALS

1. Comprehensive use of Gdañsk voivodship location, at the section of international transport axis and a regional co-operation in north-south and east-west directions – creation of so called “threecity” (aggregation of the three neighboring towns of Gdynia, Sopot and Gdañsk) region a metropolitan one, of a European significance.
2. Balancing a voivodship development by making it more competitive in a European system, rise in social, upkeep sources and improvement of environment quality.

2. STRATEGIC GOALS OF VOIVODSHIP DEVELOPMENT RELATED TO GOALS OF COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT

III. THE PROPOSAL OF THE STRATEGY REALISATION MONITORING

GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS

Formulating proposals, which deal with the Gdañsk voivodship development strategy, there was accepted assumption that the voivodship is a social & economical system. This system is functioning in certain conditions of the surrounding and internal limitations, and its developmental rate depends on accuracy of the choice and constant realization of strategic targets. The system undergoes normal conditioning of a competitive market. Such an attitude makes one aware of the fact that all of the projects that refer to strategic development of the region must be related to reality. Therefore, any concepts of development that do not posses substantial solutions for their realization are of little use. Elaborating the strategy of action (in this case the developmental strategy for Gdañsk voivodship), which is a certain, general program of functioning and development of the region, there ought to be designated its mission, goals and tasks. Tasks in the planning process undergo gradation, and tasks of the first order should become targets for the tasks of the second order. Such a hierarchical order of goals and tasks is illustrated by so called “pyramid of goals”, which is presented below.

MISSION

GOALS

TASKS OF THE FIRST

ORDER

TASKS OF THE SECOND

ORDER

Strategic program for a development of a region, elaborated according to general principles of strategic planning, should contain:

• Methodological agreement with similar national and European studies, based on a many-year experience of implementation of goals of the regional development.
• Strategic sectors ( clusters) that were selected for the further analysis, ought to be arranged according to criteria of their significance for the region, ability of income generating, and etc.

• Selection of flagship projects, “dragging” the remaining tasks of a given strategic sector, ought to result from analysis and discussions of specialists.
• Assessments of outcome results and expenditures should be subjected to computer simulation.
• Assessment of realization expenditures ought to include variants and error approximation that result in the procedure.
• Tasks (flagship projects) ought to be elaborated at the stage of feasibility study, technical & economical analysis, business plans, and etc.
• The final goal of elaboration should be preparation of the Voivodship’s Offer.

THE PROPOSAL OF THE VOIVODSHIP STRATEGY FORMULATION

Proposed formula of voivodship mission means that widely understood marine economy & international trade, industry using modern technologies and tourism will become pillars that will carry the future development of the voivodship. The choice of marine economy and international trade as one of the developmental pillars of the region results from its geographical location and historical conditions. The necessity of development of “high technology” industry is a resultant of the world economical and civilization trends. Big chance for this region is direction of its development towards electronic industry and other spheres of production and service, with which it will be possible to transfer the most advanced technologies to the region. Such investments will make a great opportunity to get familiar the latest methods of production, management, as well as a big chance for a widely understood science and better use of voivodship potential in this field.

The next of proposed pillars of the regional development is tourism.

This choice is a consequence of the region location and its tourist values. Apart form the seaside region, which is a very important attraction, there still should be kept in mind tourist values of Kashubia, which are a leisure place in the summer and to some extend in the winter. Certainly, tourism will not become an electromotive force for this region without complex solutions for some serious ecological problems and other limitations (like transport, accommodations and etc.)

Region directing towards international trade, advanced industry and tourism does not exclude other fields (sectors), which are important for efficient functioning of the whole social and economical organism, from analysis and programming.

After selection of strategic sectors it is crucial to analyze them in terms of their opportunities and threats, as well as their profitability and advanced structural changes. They should also be compared to Western European solutions. Intellectual and organizational effort should be directed towards those issues that did not undergo transformation. (Fig.7). There was presented general principles of creation, realization and actualization of voivodship developmental strategies. (Fig.7)

In the process of the formulation of assumption for the regional policy there should be performed a kind of theme selection at different levels, according to adopted regional priorities, with no preference towards any sphere. Lack of sufficient investments in the “regional organism”, field of action which was rather unappreciated until now (i.e., telecommunication), can results in dramatic consequences, difficult to assess in times of social transformations, and technological development.

The region of Gdañsk possesses its own specifics, which determines the choice of priorities. It seems quite obvious that crucial sectors should consist of:

• Marine Economy (Harbors, Transport & Trans-shipping Services, Means of marine Transport, Fishery, and etc.)
• Industry ( Shipping, Refinery, Chemical, and etc.) with an emphasis laid on Hi-Tech and transfer of technologies
• International Trade (by land and seaway)
• Architecture, including housing (alternative, economical use of materials and energy, and etc.)
• Energetic and Heating (integrated systems, alternative sources of energy)
• Tourism and Services,

• Agriculture, Forestry and Manufacture
• Structures of mobility and communication
• Science
• Education and Upbringing
• Health and Environment Protection
• Culture and Art
• Public Safety

In consequence of digital technology development, there is observed a rise in use of simulating programs in a design of technical and economical systems. Although, application of modeling and digital simulation is a complex task in the process of a strategic planning, it is used more often. The simplest model of simulation would be a connection of particular sectors and tasks through a simple, empirical dependencies, and results and expenditures assessment in the first approximation. For instance, extension of a harbor has an influence on the infrastructure, and also on the uptake of energy and water carriers, on the environment. More over, it is related with the structure of employment, housing, education, and etc. There are dozens and hundreds of consequences, which are difficult to assess in a conventional way.

The simulation model might enable generating of variants of the region’s strategic plan in relation to changing conditions and results of monitoring and hypothetical scenarios. The obtained will be only rough results, which is still better than lack of any results.

There should be performed an attempt at classification of the most significant issues in the theme groups and their correlation prior to beginning of the studies over a construction of the simulation model. Then, all estimated expenditures and effects and derivatives of particular tasks should be defined in time.

This simulation procedure will make it possible to select the most significant tasks and so called Flagship Projects, for which there ought to be elaborated Feasibility Studies and Technical & Economical Analysis. The latter will be a basis for so-called Voivodship’s Offer.
 
 

CREATION AND MONITORING STAGES OF THE VOIVODSHIP’S STRATEGY REALISATION

The process of creation and control of voivodship’s strategy realization can be divided into four stages that are characterized by specific procedures. They were marked on the attached scheme, and they include the following scopes of action:

1^st Stage – Formulation of the mission and strategic goals

2^nd Stage – Segmentation of strategic sectors and tasks formulation (partial goals of the 2^nd order)

3^rd Stage - Construction of the strategic planof the voivodship (business plans in variants)

4^th Stage – Realization of the strategic plan, monitoring and current correction of the plan According to principles of a general strategic planning, all elements of particular stages of voivodship strategy ought to be compact, interdependent and take into account the feedback that make the planning continuous.

In the presented model of strategic construction, there was applied the method of hierarchic order of goals, targets and enterprises.

The tools of the strategic plan realization are operational plans, which contain:

• All expenses of the budget’s means within legal regulations and government orders, as well as all transfers that belong to voivode,

• Legal and organizational actions,
• Actions inspiring independent subjects (municipal communities, corporations, chambers, social organizations, media, and etc.)

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................2