International Cavitation Erosion Test (ICET)

<body bgcolor="silver" link="blue" vlink="green"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td> </td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top" width="1%"> <p> </p> </td><td valign="top" width="24"></td><td valign="top"> <a target="_top" href="http://stat.webmedia.pl/cgi-bin/anal?ICET"><p><img border="0" src="http://stat.webmedia.pl/cgi-bin/stat?ICET&stat4ur" alt="stat4u" height="22" width="98" ALIGN="LEFT"></a> </p> <p align="right"><font face="Times New Roman" size="2">© <a href="mailto:maly@imp.gda.pl">Marek Klein</a></font><br> <font size="1">IMP PAN, Gdańsk 1997-1998</font></p> <table ALIGN="center" BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%"> <tr align="center"> <td width="25%"><a HREF="index.htm#Seminar"><img src="IMAGES/ICET.gif" border="0" width="170" height="170"></a></td> <td width="75%"><font color="red" size="7" face="Arial"><b>ICET</b></font><br> <b><font color="red" size="6" face="Arial">I</font><font size="4" face="Arial">NTERNATIONAL</font></b> <b><font color="red" size="6" face="Arial">C</font><font size="4" face="Arial">AVITATION</font></b> <b><font color="red" size="6" face="Arial">E</font><font size="4" face="Arial">ROSION</font></b> <b><font color="red" size="6" face="Arial">T</font><font size="4" face="Arial">EST</font></b> <p><font size="4" face="ARIAL">a worldwide cavitation erosion research project sponsored exclusively<br> by the <a HREF="index.htm#Participating Laboratories">Participating Laboratories</a> and co-ordinated by the<br> </font><font size="4" face="Arial"><a href="../index.html">Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery</a> of the Polish Academy of Sciences<br> (IMP PAN), <a HREF="http://www.gdansk.gda.pl">Gdańsk</a>, <a HREF="http://plwww.fuw.edu.pl">POLAND</a></font> </td> </tr> </table> <p><br> <img SRC="IMAGES/colorbar.gif" ALT="[colorbar.gif]" width="100%" height="2"></p> <table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="1" CELLPADDING="4" WIDTH="100%" Align="center"> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><p align="right"><font size="2" face="Arial"><strong>Test Co-ordinator:</strong></font></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr Janusz Steller, IMP PAN,</font><br> <a href="mailto:steller@imp.pg.gda.pl"><font size="2" face="Arial"><i>steller@imp.pg.gda.pl</i></font></a></td> <td align="right" valign="top" width="20%"><p align="right"><font size="2" face="Arial"><strong>Test Panel Members:</strong></font></td> <td valign="top" width="40%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr Bolesław Gireń,<br> IMP PAN, Gdańsk, <i>Poland</i></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="middle" width="15%"><p align="right"><font size="2" face="Arial"><strong>Test Secretary:</strong></font></td> <td valign="middle" width="25%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr Bolesław Gireń, IMP PAN</font></td> <td align="right" valign="top" width="20%"></td> <td valign="top" width="40%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr Tadeusz Krzysztofowicz,<br> Technical University of Gdańsk, <i>Poland</i></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><p align="right"><nobr><font size="2" face="Arial"><strong>WWW Page Editor:</strong></font></nobr></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Ms. Marek Klein, IMP PAN,</font><br> <a href="mailto:maly@imp.pg.gda.pl"><font size="2" face="Arial"><i>maly@imp.pg.gda.pl</i></font></a></td> <td align="right" valign="top" width="20%"></td> <td valign="top" width="40%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr Andrzej Lichtarowicz,<br> University of Nottingham, <i>U.K.</i></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"></td> <td align="right" valign="top" width="20%"></td> <td valign="top" width="40%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Prof. Hartmut Louis,<br> University of Hannover, <i>Germany</i></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"></td> <td align="right" valign="top" width="20%"></td> <td valign="top" width="40%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Prof. Marian Mazurkiewicz<br> University of Missouri, Rolla, <i>U.S.A</i></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"></td> <td align="right" valign="top" width="20%"></td> <td valign="top" width="40%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Prof. Jaromir Noskievic<br> Technical University of Ostrava, <i>Czech Republic</i></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"></td> <td valign="top" width="25%"></td> <td align="right" valign="top" width="20%"></td> <td valign="top" width="40%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr Janusz Steller, IMP PAN, Gdańsk, <i>Poland</i></font></td> </tr> </table> <hr size="3"> <h3><a NAME="Test Objectives"></a>Test Objectives</h3> <p><img src="ICONS/zarowka.gif" ALT="[zarowka]" ALIGN="LEFT" width="20" height="20" vspace="0"> </p> <pre><font face="Arial"> compilation of data on design and operation of existing test rigs,</font></pre> <p><img src="ICONS/zarowka.gif" ALT="[zarowka]" ALIGN="LEFT" width="20" height="20" vspace="0"> </p> <pre><font face="Arial"> comparison and correlation of the damage course and cavitation resistance as-sessments of selected groups of materials tested under different cavitation condi-tions,</font></pre> <p><img src="ICONS/zarowka.gif" ALT="[zarowka]" ALIGN="LEFT" width="20" height="20" vspace="0"> </p> <pre><font face="Arial"> establishment of relationships between the damage course and the parameters defining cavitation load conditions,</font></pre> <p><img src="ICONS/zarowka.gif" ALT="[zarowka]" ALIGN="LEFT" width="20" height="20" vspace="0"> </p> <pre><font face="Arial"> creation of the basis for further standardisation of the methods used to assess material resistance to cavitation damage.</font></pre> <hr size="3"> <h3><a NAME="Participating Laboratories"></a>Participating Laboratories</h3> <table BORDER="2" ALIGN="CENTER" CELLSPACING="2" BORDERCOLOR="black" CELLPADDING="4" WIDTH="73%"> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE" HEIGHT="33"> <td WIDTH="6%" HEIGHT="33"><p ALIGN="RIGHT"><font face="Arial"><b>No.</b></font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><p ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Arial"><b>Laboratory</b></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><p ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Arial"><b>Contributor</b></font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><p ALIGN="RIGHT"><font face="Arial">1.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">China Ship Scientific Research Centre, Wuxi, China<br> <a HREF="mailto:03b@public1.wx.js.cn"><i>03b@public1.wx.js.cn</i></a></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Zhiye Ji</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><p ALIGN="RIGHT"><font face="Arial">2.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Tsinghua University, Beijing, <i>China</i></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Jitang Huang</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><p ALIGN="RIGHT"><font face="Arial">3.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava,<br> <i>Czech Republic</i></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Jaromir Noskiević</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><p ALIGN="RIGHT"><font face="Arial">4.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><p FONT SIZE="2"><font size="2" face="Arial">SIGMA Research Institute<sup>1)</sup>, Olomouc, <i>Czech Republic</i></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Alois Koutny</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><p ALIGN="RIGHT"><font face="Arial">5.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">United Power Plants Co. Peitz,<br> Hohenwarte II Pumped Storage Power Plant,<br> Hohenwarte, <i>Germany</i></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Klaus Junghanß<br> Erich Dimter</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><font face="Arial"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">6.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">University of Hannover, Hannover, <i>Germany</i><br> <a HREF="mailto:we@iw.uni-hannower.de"><i>we@iw.uni-hannover.de</i></a></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Hartmut Louis</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><font face="Arial"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">7.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">KSB AG, Frankenthal, <i>Germany</i></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Gerd-Heinz Bauer<br> Peter Hergt</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><font face="Arial"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">8.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Fluid Control Research Institute, Palghat, <i>India</i><br> <a HREF="mailto:fluidcon@md2.vsnl.net.in"><i>fluidcon@md2.vsnl.net.in</i></a></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">M.S.Konnur</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><font face="Arial"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">9.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">CISE S.p.A., Milan, <i>Italy</i></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Remo Martinella</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><font face="Arial"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">10.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima, <i>Japan</i><br> <a HREF="mailto:mmatsu@ipc.hiroshima-u.ac.jp"><i>mmatsu@ipc.hiroshima-u.ac.jp</i></a></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Masanobu Matsumura</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><font face="Arial"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">11.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery <br> of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk, <i>Poland</i><br> <a HREF="mailto:steller@imp.pg.gda.pl"><i>steller@imp.pg.gda.pl</i></a></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Janusz Steller</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><font face="Arial"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">12.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, <i>South Africa</i></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Anthony Ball</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><font face="Arial"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">13.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">University of Hull, Hull, <i>England</i><br> <a HREF="mailto:R.D.James@edm.hull.ac.uk"><i>R.D.James@edm.hull.ac.uk</i></a></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Robert D. James</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <td WIDTH="6%"><font face="Arial"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">14.</font></td> <td WIDTH="65%"><font size="2" face="Arial">The City University, London, <i>England.</i><br> <a HREF="mailto:P.A.Lush@city.ac.uk"><i>P.A.Lush@city.ac.uk</i></a></font></td> <td WIDTH="29%"><font face="Arial">Peter A. Lush</font></td> </tr> </table> <table BORDER="0" ALIGN="CENTER" CELLSPACING="2" CELLPADDING="4" WIDTH="73%"> <tr VALIGN="TOP"> <td WIDTH="1%"><p ALIGN="RIGHT"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="-2"><sup>1)</sup></font></td> <td WIDTH="99%"><p ALIGN="LEFT"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="-2">The SIGMA concern was dissolved by the Czechoslovakian goverment in 1990. According to Dr A.Koutny all the cavitation erosion test facilities have been taken over by the ČKD Blansko Company.</font></td> </tr> </table> <hr size="3"> <p><a NAME="Test materials"></a></p> <h3>Test materials</h3> <table BORDER="2" BORDERCOLOR="black" CELLSPACING="2" CELLPADDING="2" WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="LEFT" HSPACE="12" VSPACE="0"> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="center"> <td WIDTH="80%"><font face="Arial"><b>general<br> description</b></font></td> <td WIDTH="20%"><font face="Arial"><b>commercial name</b></font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="center"> <td WIDTH="80%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Armco iron</font></td> <td WIDTH="20%"><font size="2" face="Arial">E04</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="center"> <td WIDTH="80%"><font size="2" face="Arial">aluminium alloy</font></td> <td WIDTH="20%"><font size="2" face="Arial">PA2</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="center"> <td WIDTH="80%"><font size="2" face="Arial">carbon steel</font></td> <td WIDTH="20%"><font size="2" face="Arial">45</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="center"> <td WIDTH="80%"><font size="2" face="Arial">acid resistant steel</font></td> <td WIDTH="20%"><font size="2" face="Arial">1H18N9T</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="center"> <td WIDTH="80%"><font size="2" face="Arial">single-phase brass</font></td> <td WIDTH="20%"><font size="2" face="Arial">M63</font></td> </tr> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="center"> <td WIDTH="80%"><font size="2" face="Arial">polyamide 6 plastics</font></td> <td WIDTH="20%"><font size="2" face="Arial">Tarnamide</font></td> </tr> </table> <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Arial">The <a HREF="index.htm#ICET programme">ICET programme</a>, proposed to the Potential Test Participants, has covered tests on 6 materials listed in the table on the left. Test materials have been selected in a way providing evident differentiation between their erosion curves - it can be easily noticed that two of them (Armco iron E04 and aluminium alloy PA2) are typical reference materials used in numerous erosion tests while the next three ones (carbon steel 45, stainless steel 1H18N9T, and single phase brass M63) are structural materials commonly applied in engineering practice. All the metallic materials were acquired at the CENTROSTAL Steel Storehouse, the main distributor of metals in Poland while the polyamide 6 plastics was obtained from the CHEMIPLAST EVG in Gliwice. Chemical composition, heat treatment conditions and values of some mechanical parameters of metallic materials as well as are to be found in the <a HREF="index.htm#ICET documents">ICET documents</a>.</font> </p> <p ALIGN="LEFT"> </p> <hr size="3"> <h3><a NAME="Test facilities"></a>Test facilities</h3> <font size="2" face="Arial"><p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Almost a half of tests has been carried out using vibratory rigs. The vibration frequency of these rigs is usually close to 20 kHz which corresponds to the ASTM G-32 Standard. An exception is the <a HREF="../index.html">IMP PAN</a> lab with a facility of 8 kHz vibration frequency. Much wider diversity can be noticed in vibration amplitudes, sizes and mounting methods of test samples. Counter-samples are applied as a rule in 2 labs (Universities in Cape Town and Hull). Two further labs (University of Hiroshima and the Technical University of Ostrava) use stationary specimens occasionally. As it is generally known, this technique enables testing light and brittle materials. Vibrating specimen buttons are usually screwed in the horn (ASTM G-32 Standard). A specimen is screwed on the horn in the Czech Republic (Czech standard CSN-015082-76) whereas a mounting nut (Polish Standard PN-86/H-04427) is applied only in the <a HREF="../index.html">IMP PAN</a>. </p> <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Cavitation tunnels involved in the <a HREF="index.htm#ICET programme">ICET programme</a> show a significant differentiation in the test chamber design. Tests have been conducted in 2 tunnels with cylindrical cavitators (CSSRC and the Hohenwarte Pumped Storage Power Plant in Germany), one tunnel with a wedge cavitator (City University, London) and two tunnels with barricade and counter-barricade systems (Universities of Hiroshima and Hannover). The majority of cavitation tunnels are not used for tests of highly resistant materials. </p> <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">From among four rotating disks involved in the ICET project, two facilities are of similar design. Both in the CSSRC and the SIGMA Research Institute (Olomouc, Czech Republic) cavitation has been generated by holes drilled in the disk upstream of the test samples. Cavitators in form of cylindrical bolts are applied in the <a HREF="../index.html">IMP PAN</a> and the KSB laboratory in Frankenthal (Germany). However, the samples are mounted at the disk in the <a HREF="../index.html">IMP PAN</a> and on the stagnator vanes in the KSB lab. </p> <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Cavitating jet tests have been carried out in the FCRI (Palghat, India) and at the University of Hannover. Both rigs follow exactly the design of Dr A. Lichtarowicz of the University of Nottingham. </p> <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">It has been only the SIGMA Research Institute which has offered us tests carried out at a liquid impact device. As it is generally known this kind of a device was widely used in the past to assess the cavitation erosion resistance of materials. </p> <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Main parameters of the test rigs involved in the <a HREF="index.htm#ICET programme">ICET programme</a> are to be found in the <a HREF="index.htm#ICET documents">ICET documents</a>.</font> </p> <hr size="3"> <h3><a NAME="ICET programme"></a>Test programme</h3> <font size="2" face="Arial"><p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Test Participants have been asked to conduct erosion tests at least 2 specimens of each kind under specified steady state conditions. As usual, it was recommended to continue the tests as long as needed in order to attain the steady-state damage period. It was assumed that the data submitted on the Measurement Cards would comprise main operating parameters of the facility as well as tables of mass/volume losses in course of the test, final values of the mean and maximum depth of pits, data on microhardness distribution, photographs of damaged surfaces and their metallographic structure. </p> <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Most <a HREF="index.htm#Experimental results">experimental results</a> are available through the <a HREF="download.html">ICET database</a>. Installation files of this database are attached to this document and the ICET Preliminary Report. It is assumed that this report will form a basis for discussion during the ICET Seminar to be held in 1999. The main conclusions following from the results will be summarised in the Final Report to be issued in the year 2000. </p> <hr size="3"> <h3><a NAME="Experimental results"></a>Experimental results - general survey</h3> <font size="2" face="Arial"><p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Most of the rigs were used to test all the metallic materials. However, some tests had to be abandoned. In few cases the Test Co-ordinator was not able to submit material samples of sufficient size and one cavitation tunnel appeared not suited for testing highly resistant materials, like carbon steel 45 or chromium-nickel steel 1H18N9T. </p> <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Severe difficulties occurred at numerous facilities when testing the polyamide 6 (tarnamide) plastics. Tests had to be abandoned at some vibratory rigs, including those designed according to the ASTM G-32 standard, as in view of extremely low density of the tarnamide plastics, there was no possibility to keep the horn/sample system in resonance at the prescribed frequency. Due to water absorbing properties of the tarnamide plastics no mass loss was observed during tests at low cavitation rates. </p> <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The scatter in test duration (from 30 minutes for aluminium at the liquid impact rig in Olomouc up to 365 hours for tarnamide in the cavitation tunnel in Hiroshima) can be attributed to a very wide spread of erosion rates. In spite of significant flexibility shown when selecting test duration, in numerous cases the steady-state period was not attained - sometimes due to the test having been stopped during the damage rate decrease, but quite often due to the deceleration period being immediately followed by a further rise of erosion rate. </p> <p ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Differences in cavitation intensities are manifested by an extremely wide range of absolute volume losses and mean depth of erosion after a comparable exposure period (e.g. 1.67 mm<sup>3</sup> volume loss and 2.8 </font><font FACE="Symbol">m</font>m erosion depth in an aluminium specimen after a 1400 min test in the CSSRC cavitation tunnel and 1.32 cm<sup>3</sup> volume loss and 2 mm erosion depth after a 1200 min test of the same material at the rotating disk in the IMP PAN lab). </font></p> <hr size="3"> <h3><a NAME="ICET documents"></a>ICET documents</h3> <font face="Arial"><b><p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </p> </b></font><a HREF="download.html"><p><img SRC="ICONS/dir.gif" ALT="[EROSION]" ALIGN="BASELINE" BORDER="0" WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="24"></a> Go to <i><a HREF="download.html">EROSION</a></i> - <b>ICET database</b> download page</p> <hr width="100%" align="center" size="3"> <table BORDER="0" ALIGN="CENTER" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%"> <tr VALIGN="MIDDLE" Align="center"> <td WIDTH="40%"><img SRC="IMAGES/colorbar.gif" ALT="[colorbar.gif]" align="bottom" width="320"><p><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="4"><i>You are <a HREF="http://counter.webmedia.pl/"><img ALIGN="AbsMiddle" BORDER="0" SRC="http://counter.webmedia.pl/cgi-bin/Count.cgi?df=ICET|ft=0|trgb=000000|tr=T|dd=B|md=5" |incr="T|comma=T|degrees=0" ALT="[count.cgi]"></a> guest<br> on our WWW page. Thank you.</i></font></p> <p><img SRC="IMAGES/colorbar.gif" ALT="[colorbar.gif]" align="center" width="320"></td> <td WIDTH="20%"><a HREF="mailto:maly@imp.pg.gda.pl"><img src="ICONS/under.gif" ALT="[under.gif]" align="center" BORDER="0" WIDTH="100" HEIGHT="100"></td> <td WIDTH="40%"><img SRC="IMAGES/colorbar.gif" ALT="[colorbar.gif]" align="bottom" width="320"><p><font FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="3"><i>This page is under construction.<br> Please, visit us within the next few days ...</i></font></p> <p><img SRC="IMAGES/colorbar.gif" ALT="[colorbar.gif]" align="center" width="320"></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </p> <hr width="100%" size="2" align="center"> <table BORDER="0" BORDERCOLOR="black" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="95%" Align="center"> <tr valign="top"> <td align="left" width="50%"></a><i><a HREF="../index.html">Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery</a><br> <a HREF="index_p.html" TARGET="_top">Fluid Mechanics Centre</a><br> <font size="2">Fiszera Str. 14<br> 80-952 <a HREF="http://www.gdansk.gda.pl">Gdańsk</a><br> <a HREF="http://plwww.fuw.edu.pl">POLAND</a></font></i></td> <td align="right" width="50%"><i>Contact with: <a HREF="mailto:steller@imp.pg.gda.pl">Janusz Steller</a><br> <font size="2">Phone: (0-048)(58) 346-08-81, 341-12-71 /138<br> Telex: 05122042 imp pl<br> Fax: 341 61 44<br> E-mail: <a HREF="mailto:steller@imp.pg.gda.pl">steller@imp.pg.gda.pl</a></i> </font></td> </tr> </table> <hr size="2"> </td></tr></table></body>