Abstract

An analysis of the unsteady process where mass from an external source is used to charge a cylinder is presented in which account is taken of frictional dissipation effects in the nozzle and cylinder with heat crossing the cylinder-nozzle envelope. The relationships are derived for the case where the cylinder volume changes so that they are applicable to charging processes in internal combustion engines and they may also of course be modified to deal with the charging of a constant volume tank. A comparison is made between the charging process and the process in which mass is discharged from a cylinder. The comparison shows the similarity in form of the relationships for charging and discharging processes while emphasising the fundamental differences between the two processes.